Marc Antony And The Roman Empire - 1430 Words

â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.† These famous words were spoken by Marc Antony at Julius Caesar’s funeral as if to solidify that Caesar has passed and the Romans should look forward without nostalgia of gone-by emperors. Marc Antony was a leader in the change of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire that spanned thousands of miles in its prime. Born in January of 83 BC to the gens Antonia, which was a prominent family with both patrician and plebeian ties. His father was Marcus Antonius Creticus, and his mother was Julia Antonia, a distant relative to Julius Caesar. (Life of Antonius 4.263). Growing up Antony had many misfortunes with his father dying in Crete in 71 BC, the man†¦show more content†¦During this campaign through Egypt Antony came to meet Cleopatra for the first time, who at the time was the 14-year old daughter of Ptolemy XII, it was believed that this meeting between the two is w hat sparked Antony’s love and desire for Cleopatra. While Antony was fighting in the East he was unaware of plot by the First Triumvirate to take control of the Republic. Once the Triumvirate had basically taken over the Republic for themselves Antony came to serve under Julius Caesar in 54 BC. At this time Caesar was in the middle of his conquest of Gaul during the Gallic Wars. While under Caesar Antony was noted as an excellent military leader and strategist, because of this Caesar took notice of Antony and the two became friends until Caesar died. After years in the conquest of Gaul Antony was sent back to Rome to begin his political career as Quaestor in 52 BC as a member of the Populares faction. However, still assigned to Caesar’s force Antony returned to Gaul to command the cavalry in the Battle of Alesia against the Gallic High King Vercingetorix. Antony was eventually promoted to Legate by Caesar and given command of two legions. While all of this was happenin g for Antony the alliance between

Improving school quality Free Essays

The importance of secondary school education in molding learners into responsible citizens of tomorrow cannot be ignored or undermined. Secondary school education is the stepping stone for unlimited opportunities for learners to explore the career choices that they have to pursue further In their lives. Every year the performance of secondary schools In the final examination come under spotlight as soon as the results are published. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving school quality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many schools in the previously disadvantaged communities perform poorly in the matrix examination each year. The main aim of this paper is suggest what needs to be done in order to ensure that pupils perform well in their final examinations given the knowledge of what teaching and learning means. As a starting point, the paper will define the process of learning and teaching. The factors that affect performance of pupils in relation to teachers will then be given. An outline of the suggestions that would result in improved performance will then lead to the end of the discussion. Quality refers to the standard when compared to other things of the same type. It shows the goodness or the worth. Quality is associated with efficiency, effectiveness, choice, excellence, equity and social Justice among other virtues that are designated as the alms of any system purporting to produce effective learning In good schools (Coleman, 1998). Academic performance refers to the level of attainment of learners In the external grade 12 examination. It refers to the performance of the school as well as the learners in the grade 12 examinations. It reflects both quality and quantity of the results obtained by the learners in the grade 12 examinations (Bastion, 1995). The management of a school has a very important ole to play in the transformation and development of a school (Thomas, 1992). It is the responsibility of the senior management of the school, the principal, to prepare the atmosphere for effective teaching and learning at the school. Within formal models leadership is ascribed to the person at the apex of the hierarchy. It Is assumed that this individual sets the tone of the organization and establishes the major official objectives. In a school the person who Is holding the highest position Is the principal and has to play an effective role as a leader In the school. At the heart f school or any organizational life are leadership and management. It Is these aspects of school life that ensure that all other aspects are held together and developed. Leadership is the art of facilitating a school to do the right thing at the right time, while management is the discipline required to ensure that the school ‘does things right’, or functions well (Thomas, 1992). The development of the school depends entirely on the ability of the leadership of the school. To transform and develop schools into efficient centers of excellence, visionary, hardworking and farsighted leaders are required. Effective organizations tend to be purposeful and goal directed. The managers, departments, and the individual members work towards explicit goals and have a clear sense of direction. Schools without explicit aims and a Whole-School policy would not meet this criterion of effectiveness. The ability of schools to transform themselves to grow In strength or to have a strong sense of purpose and commitment Is to a great extent dependent on the quality of leadership in the school (Walsh, 1999). The principal provides the leadership to the principal becomes the lightning rod for every change and programmer that is implemented at the school and assumes a much more important role in the scheme of things. More than Just following policy, the position requires that the person be a planner, a leader, and a conciliator in order to be successful (Bastion, 1995). The leadership of the principal takes the anchor role in transforming and developing the school into a successful institution. The task of being the educational leader of the school is one that calls for the best in the area of personal skills and requires the highest order of human and academic skills (Coleman, 1998). The leadership of the school is responsible for facilitating instructional activities and coordinating curriculum across the individual programmer and school levels for ensuring congruence through defining the school mission and goals, managing the instructional programmer s and promoting a positive school learning climate (Morrison, 1998). The core business of a school as an organization is the effective curriculum delivery. Teaching and learning are necessary if young people are to acquire personally enriching, economically necessary and socially desirable knowledge and skills. A school must have a positive environment to facilitate the effective curriculum delivery and the development of skills and values in learners. Without a proper learning environment, effective curriculum delivery cannot take place. The resources that are available at a school can positively influence the quality of the education provided. Our ability to develop the curriculum in the way that we wish to achieve our objectives as a school will, of course, depend on the resources that are available to us. However, it is extremely important that we ensure that the tail does not wag the dog, that the content of the education that we offer is to determined by the resources most easily available to us, as opposed to by the needs of our learners. Resources are everything at the school’s actual or potential disposal to enable it to reach its objectives. Resources like human resource, physical resource and financial resource are the most important items required for the provision of quality education. Access to and control of resources are of central concern to any organization. In the school context these resources include finances, administrative equipment and materials, teaching equipment and materials and the school facilities themselves (Morrison, 1998). Teachers are invariably regarded as the prime resource in schools because of their central role in the teaching and learning process. The quality of the results produced will depend on the motivation and commitment of the educators who are working in a school. The quality of their work, and their motivation to perform well are related directly to the nature of the human resource management process. Where staff management is skilled and sympathetic, a successful organization is likely to result (Branded Ginning, 1990). In a successful institution, the educators will be prepared to work beyond the normal required hours ND will be using this extra time for preparation and marking of the learners books. A school, which has no skilled, committed, innovative and resourceful staff, cannot provide quality education to the learners and may not produce quality results in the external examination. Therefore one of the prerequisites for any school to become efficient and to produce quality results is to have an efficient, dynamic, skilled, committed and knowledgeable human resource. Teacher is the main change agent necessary for bringing change in teaching and learning so, the school policy should eve provision for professional development program for teachers. Bonging (2001 : 53) also indicates the importance of teachers’ concerns and say, â€Å"Change can be more successful if the concerns of teachers are considered†. Collaborative teaching and learning environment is a source of school effectiveness. So, the school management should encourage collaboration in school. The participation of the parents in the management of the education of the learners can positively influence the learning process of the learners. The principal has to utilize this influence and the nutrition of the parents effectively to improve the quality of results that are produced in the prev iously disadvantaged schools (Solidity Bull, 1996). The role of parents to influence and persuade their children to be mentally prepared, to obtain quality education cannot be ignored or undermined. They are the role players who could lay a strong foundation and passion for quality education in the minds of their children, which will in turn assist the educators largely in providing quality education to their learners. How to cite Improving school quality, Papers

Consumer Behavior Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Discourse the nature of job ( s ) in this instance?2. Propose the sort of consumer research needed?How should Golden Glow be positioned/ repositioned to convey about the coveted alteration among consumers? Give your grounds Anil Mahajan absent -mindedly ran his finger over the bar of soap before him. He traced the name ‘Golden Glow’ embossed on the soap as he inhaled its unmistakable benne aroma. It was a little soap. about like a saloon of gold. There were no frills. no colored packaging. and no fancy form. Just a aureate freshness and the aroma of benne and Lucida font that softly stated’ Golden Glow’ . Mahajan smiled wanly and clasped the soap in his custodies. as if protecting it from an unobserved marauder. He was inquiring with quiet concern if the 30-year-old trade name would last long. Sensi India. where Mahajan was marketing director. was taking a long. difficult expression at the soap. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as it was turn outing to be a strain on resources. There were changing narratives about how Aureate Glow was launched. Some said the trade name was a ‘gift’ from the going English parent company. Others claimed that it was created for the so chairman’s British married woman. as the Indian clime did non hold with her tegument. They besides claimed that the lady besides coined the transcript â€Å"The honest soap that loves your skin† was besides coined by the lady. The line had stuck through three decennaries. Merely the visuals had changed. with newer theoretical accounts replacing the older 1s. Zeni was fundamentally a forte merchandises company bring forthing family hygiene. fabricare. and dental attention merchandises. Golden Glow was the lone soap in its merchandise mix. produced and marketed by Sensi. Its dependable quality and value bringing had earned it a batch of regard in the market. Golden Glow equity was such that Sensi was known as the Golden Glow Company. Indeed. the trade name name Golden Glow denoted pureness. dependability. and soft skin care.

A Competitive Analysis Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essay Example

A Competitive Analysis Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Paper To research and analyse how kingfisher air hoses has retained one of the top place in a extremely competitory market like India. To happen out what makes them particular from all other air hoses in India. To happen out how kingfisher airlines compete with taking air hoses like Air Indian and Jet. To happen out what client tactics they used to convey more clients to the organisation. Content sum-up To near by making SWOT and PEST analysis of the company by looking through the magazines and web sites available on company. In order to analyse the company s scheme I will be making 7p analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on A Competitive Analysis Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Competitive Analysis Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Competitive Analysis Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to do my aims a true I will be transporting out an interview with male parent s friend who is working in kingfisher air hoses. I will be making a instance survey on how kingfisher air hose is different from and India Airlines. I will be besides suggesting some new schemes which can assist the organisation to better their public presentation more Table of contents Page Table of Content 3 A ; 4 Objective 2 Content drumhead 2 Introduction 3 About the Company 5 History 5 Accomplishments 6 Marketing scheme 7 PESTEL Analysis 8 Political 8 Economic 8 Social 8 Technological 8 Environmental 9 Local 9 7 P s Analysis 9 Merchandise 9 Promotions 10 Monetary value 10 Peoples 10 Topographic point 10 Physical grounds 11 Procedure 11 SWOT Analysis 11 Strengths 11 Weakness 12 Opportunities 12 Menaces 12 Comparison Kingfisher VS Indian Airlines 12 A ; 13 Suggestion and recommendation 14 Appendix 14 Questionnaire Mentions 15 Introduction Kingfisher Airlines Limited is a majorA IndianA air hose. Kingfisher operates more than 400 flights a twenty-four hours and has a web of 72 finishs, with regional and long-haul international services. Kingfisher Airlines, through one of its keeping companiesA United Breweries Group, has a 50 per centum interest inA low-priced carrierA Kingfisher Red, once known as Air Deccan. Kingfisher Airlines is one of six air hoses in the universe to hold a five-star evaluation fromA Skytrax, along withA Asian Airlines, A Malaysia Airlines, A Qatar Airways, A Singapore AirlinesA andA Cathay Pacific Airways. In May 2009, Kingfisher Airlines carried more than a million riders, giving it the highest market portion among air hoses in India. Kingfisher has its registered office in theA UB TowerA inA BangaloreA and its caput office in the Kingfisher House inA Mumbai. History The air hose started operations on 9 May 2005, following theA dry leaseA of four trade name newA Airbus A320-200A aircraft. Its first flight was from MumbaiA toA Delhi. At the launch of the air hose, Dr. Mallya said that he is committed to accomplishing our aspiration of doing Kingfisher Airlines India s largest private air hose both in capacity and market portion by 2010. The air hose ushered in a new epoch of luxury in India s domestic air power sector with its trade name new aircraft with fashionable ruddy insides, and cleverly dressed crew and land staff. Kingfisher was the first Indian air hose to haveA in-flight entertainmentA ( IFE ) systems on every place even on domestic flights. All riders were given a welcome kit dwelling dainties such as a pen, facial tissue and earphones to utilize with the IFE system. Initially, riders were able to watch merely recorded Television scheduling on the IFE system, but subsequently an confederation was formed withA Dish TVA to supply unrecorded Television in-flight. And in a pronounced going from tradition, Kingfisher Airlines decided to hold an on-screenA safety demonstrationA utilizing the IFE system. On 14 July 2008, Kingfisher unveiled its first everA Widebody aircraft aircraft, aA Airbus A330-200A at the 46thA Farnborough Air showA held in July 2008. Kingfisher s first Airbus A330-200 was widely billed as the best A330-200 of all time built byA Airbus. On 3 September 2008, Kingfisher started its international operations by connectingA BangaloreA withA London. Accomplishments Kingfisher Airlines has received three planetary awards at the SKYTRAX World Airline AwardsA Named Best Airline In India / Central Asia ; Best Cabin Crew Cardinal Asia Kingfisher RED named Best Low Cost Airline in India / Central Asia NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award for AviationA awarded to Kingfisher Airlines by NDTV twice in two old ages India s merely 5 Star air hose, rated by SkytraxA andA 6th air hose in the worldA to be certified asA 5 star air hose by Skytrax Ranked amongst India s Top Service Brands of 2008 ranking by PitchA magazine Voted asA India s Favourite Airline in a study conducted by an independent research house with 46 % ballots compared to others Rated as Asia Pacific s Top Airline Brand in a study conducted by TNS on Asia Pacific s Top 1,000 Trade names for 2008 Brand Leadership Award in the service and cordial reception section against several acclaimed hotels, taking Bankss and other air hoses Economic Times Avaya Award 2006 for Excellence inA Customer Responsiveness award is presented by the extremely acclaimed Business Daily, Economic Times India s No. 1 Airline in client satisfaction Business World Rated amongst India s most respected companies Business World Rated amongst India s 25 Advanced Companies in aA study conducted by Plan adult male Media in 2006 The Best Airline and India s FavouriteA Carrier in a Survey conducted by The Times of India Service Excellence 2005-2006 for a New Airline A by Skytrax, a UK based specializer planetary air conveyance adviser Graded Third in the study on India s Most Successful Brand launch of 2005 Under the Brand Derby Survey conducted by India s prima concern day-to-day Business Standard Busiest Trade names of 2005 ranked amongst the Top Ten busiest trade names of 2005A and 2006 across merchandise classs, in the study conducted by bureau FAQ and The Brand Reporter Best New Airline of the Year Award for 2005A Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation ( CAPA ) Award in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East part Selling schemes Kingfisher Airlines has a clearly defined mark audience- SEC A, SEC B+ ( socio-economic category ) in the age group of 25-45 old ages of age. Kingfisher Airlines offers trade name new aircraft, interior decorator insides, gourmet culinary art and in flight-entertainment ( there are five channels of FUN TV and 10 channels of Kingfisher Radio, which are personalized ) . Communicate with invitees at multiple touch points. They use all media of communicating telecasting, print, wireless, outdoor, promenades, multiplexes, nines, saloons, in-flight etc. The invitees are invariably informed of their new offers. A They offer tickets to theatre showings, manner shows, athleticss showings etc to their frequent travelers ( club members ) . Their Partners Program has been really successful. They have tied up with the best of trade names across industries. Tata Tetley, Pepsi, Microsoft, Inox, Kenzo, IFB, Taj, Park Hotels and Oxford book shops have been some of taking spouses. PESTEL Analysis Political Foreign air hoses are non allowed to purchase a interest in domestic air hoses. International path ordinances Closing down of domestic airdromes Open sky policy Economic Contribution to the Indian economic system Rising cost of fuel Investing in the sector of air power The growing of the in-between income group household affects the air power sector. Deficit of the substructure capacity Social Development of metropoliss leads to break services and airdromes Employment chances Safety ordinances The position symbol attached to a plane travel. Technological The growing of e-commerce and e-ticketing Satellite based pilotage system Modernization and denationalization of the airdromes Developing green filed airdromes with private sector for illustration in Bangalore the airdrome corporation limited. Environmental The addition in planetary heating The sudden and the unexpected behavior of the ambiance and the dependence on whether Deficit of the infrastructural capacity Tourism impregnation Legal Bilateral pacts Airlines acquisitions and the leasing cost In the United States, low-priced air hoses frequently operated from little airdromes that charge lower fees and that did non endure from the congestion at big airdromes In India, nevertheless, authorities policy did non let the creative activity of airdromes closer than 150KM from each other, and the old airdromes at Bangalore and Hyderabad were closed down when the new one started. 7 P s Merchandise Fleet size Aircrafts International raid Promotions Ads Magazines and newspaper ads Exposure at non-corporate events Engagement at international poses hows Backing famous persons like Katrina Kaif and Deepika padukone Monetary value Dynamic pricing theoretical account multiple menu degrees Uniform regulations No concealed limitations Pricing theoretical accounts eight different degrees Discounts provided from clip to clip Peoples Anchor of the trade name Extensive preparations Cordial reception industry and see their client as invitee Interpersonal accomplishments, aptitude, and service cognition Topographic point Online engagement ( official site ) Online booking Yatro.com, do my trip.com, ezeego1.com Recognition cards and debit cards payment SMS/call Mercantile establishments in every major metropolis and at every airdrome across the state Physical grounds Personal gentlemans Exclusive sofa infinite Hello! Blitz Gourmet culinary art World category cabin crew Kingfisher wireless Procedure Booking the ticket online engagement or telephone engagement or from any of the kingfisher mercantile establishments and private bureaus. SWOT Analysis Strength First air hose with full new fleet of aircraft Quality cordial reception provided to clients. Route rationalisation. Already holding developing academy. Failings Service bringing to tubes and other large metropoliss Yet non in a high net income. High ticket pricing Opportunities Under penetrated domestic market Opportunities International market Untapped air lading market Expanding touristry industry Menaces Existing operators Infrastructure issue Fuel monetary value hiking Economic lag Kingfisher VS Indian Airlines Areas Indian air hoses Kingfisher Airlines Reservation Ticket can be booked by pealing or sing the office. Equally shortly as waiting list ticket get confirmed they will name the clients on the given contact figure Passengers can do the engagement foremost and buy the ticket subsequently Ticket can be cancelled over phone or through fax 24hr before the journey By the aid of user friendly web sites Kingfisher air hose office Authorized agents Payment can be made by the debit card, recognition card, payment at kingfisher air hoses office, recognition note Kingfisher air hose provides the place bringing of tickets and maintains direct relation with the clients. Menus Particular menus offered for ground forces forces, war disabled officers, war widows, blind individuals, malignant neoplastic disease patients, individual enduring from 80 % and above locomotor disablement. Concessional menu to senior citizens, pupils etc. Fare apply merely for passenger car from airdrome at the point of beginning to the airdrome at the point of finish It has 30 to 40 % lower ticket seashore compared to other bearer runing in the state Meals Indicate the personal repast penchant at the clip of booking to guarantee right repast on board the flight Particular repasts: provided to riders Indian vegetarian, western vegetarian, Hindu non- vegetarian, kids nutrient points etc. On board Choose from the readymade nutrient Business category and economic category Order what you like newly made on board Equality in category, no distinction Low cost On land More waiting clip Satisfactory handling of holds Less waiting clip Efficient handling of holds Suggestions and recommendation Reduce labor cost Simplify the flight operations Offer more crystalline pricing Get smart on fuel The procedure of geting spice jet if complete would do kingfisher the larget participant in the air power industry Different manners of pricing should be taken attention of Needs to alter trade name perceptual experiences Gain optional efficiencies through confederations as with Jet Airways Fleet size enlargement Partnering with Jet Airways and some depending trade names. Appendix As portion of the study readying I visited my pa s friend who is working in kingfisher and I had an interview with him. I went through many magazines who wrote articles about kingfisher s and Dr. Mallya s success. I have talked with some of my friends who got opportunity to wing in kingfisher. They explained to me the installations they got and their evaluation to the flight travel. Questionnaire As a provider, what major tendencies have you witnessed in the mode consumers in India buy travel particularly air ticket? How would you depict your mark audience? How do you measure the current placement of Kingfisher Airlines? Companies are traveling about trade name activation at multiple consumer touch-points. How are you equilibrating your offline and on-line selling enterprises? How tough is it in the current environment to construct connect with consumers? How successful has been your Partners Program, a forum where like-minded trade names to Kingfisher Airlines can come on the same platform and achieve several selling aims?

Medieval Weapons and Protection essays

Medieval Weapons and Protection essays The Middle Ages hold many of the worlds most curious weapons. Knights used many different types of weapons. These included swords, daggers and lances. Some were for long-range, such as the longbow, short bow and cross bow and some were for close encounters. They protected themselves with suits of armor (closely woven metal, and metal sheets) and shields. There were also gigantic weapons used to tear down whole castles. Swords, daggers and lances were very good for fighting battles that were up close and very dangerous. There were different kinds of swords like the thrusting sword (14th century), the falchion sword (13th century), and the hand-and-a-half-sword (14th century). At the end of the 13th century, swords were more pointed and the section of the blade was diamond-shaped rather than flat. That made the sword stronger. There was even ones that were serrated to cut wooden axe handles and one called the two-handed sword; it could cut through bone. These are used by knights on foot and is longer and heavier than other swords. (Knight-Meyr) A knights sword was his most important weapon. There were two different types of daggers. They were the 15th century bullock dagger, and the 14th century rondel dagger. Sometimes, people could hide daggers in walking sticks. Lances were for knights on horseback to knock off the enemy knight. They used the lance for battles and jousting. The jousting knight us es a lance to knock his opponent from the horse. It is second only to the sword as a knights weapon, and is used in battle or tournaments. (Knight-Meyr) A very unusual weapon was the bola. It was a spiked ball on a short chain that is attached to a wooden handle. The ball reached high speeds when swung and delivered forceful, crushing blows. Long-rang weapons were used in battle, but were more discreet and could be used from a distance. The long-range weapons are the crossbow, longbow ...

Job Seekers... Have You Heard About LinkedIns Job Seeker Premium

Job Seekers... Have You Heard About LinkedIns Job Seeker Premium Note:   Im not endorsing this service since I do not know the results people have gotten from it, but its important to know it exists and is an option for enhancing your online job search. My sense is that the service is most useful for someone contacting recruiters and hiring managers in a particular field.   I encourage you to research the service to determine whether it is right for you. If you are a LinkedIn member and you are looking for a job, you might do well to subscribe to LinkedIns Job Seeker Premium Account service. For just $29.99/month, you get organizational tools and direct access to recruiters that you do not get with a regular LinkedIn account. You will also be featured as a job seeker to help you get noticed in the big LinkedIn pool. There are more expensive versions of this service as well. If it works, I hope you wont have to subscribe for more than 2 or 3 months. Ideally, you’ll get your value back a hundred fold and think that the LinkedIn Job Seeker Premium account was worth it. For more information see LinkedIn Job Seeker Premium on the LinkedIn site. Of course, it wont help to get the attention of recruiters and hiring managers if your LinkedIn profile is not up to par.   The Essay Experts LinkedIn Profile Services will help you ensure that your LinkedIn image makes the right impression.   I recommend working on your profile first, and then signing up for the premium service if youre interested. If anyone has used this service and has results to report, please share them in the comments.   Id love to know whether you have found value from upgrading.

Aristotle and Kant on Ethical Theory and Practice Essay

Aristotle and Kant on Ethical Theory and Practice - Essay Example On the other hand, relativists believe that ethics is a human invention and that â€Å"all ethical standards are relative† hence there are â€Å"no permanent, universal, objective values or standards† (Mizzoni 11, 191). LeBar asserts that individual people create own moral standards and that these standards change from society to society throughout time and the world (185). This is what is often referred as cultural relativism. Kant is strong objectivists as he emphasises that ethical duties are absolute and categorical while Aristotle insists that human beings are rational and moral virtue is developed through habit. He is thus a relativist. I would argue in favour of Aristotle that ethical standards vary with contexts, individuals and societies. Consider such practices as polygamy, homosexuality, and female genital mutilation. Are these practices right or wrong? If we look at polygamy it is a norm in some communities especially African communities but not acceptable in western communities. Some individuals view homosexuality as right while others consider it wrong depending on their religious inclinations and personal values. For genital mutilation, it was often practiced by early communities but in modern communities it is considered wrong even though some communities still practice it. How are these actions to be judged? By which ethical standards? If we argue that ethical standards are universal and applicable to all regardless of their opinion or beliefs then it would mean all these practices are wrong but this is not the case; they are right in some societies and wrong in others. This supports Aristotle’s view that moral virtue is developed by habits (Moral Philosophy n.p). In this case, good habits form the bui lding blocks of good moral character and that man has power to control his own actions since he is rational. They then reflect on these actions and perfect them if they are good but in the process, they must have a good role model

The US position in the two Iraq wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

The US position in the two Iraq wars - Essay Example It is further submitted that in order to discuss the US position in both Iraq wars it is necessary to consider the background to the relationship between America and Iraq preceding the Gulf wars. It is proposed that the fall of the Soviet Union and the changing world order in the aftermath of the cold war triggered a change in the international political framework, thereby altering the traditional theory of international relations as evidenced by Operation Desert Storm. This further marked a turning point in US foreign policy objectives in the Middle East, which was cemented by the events of September 11. To this end, Operation Iraqi Freedom is a prime example of this as a foreseeable end to the US war in Iraq remains precarious, leading to justifications of necessary humanitarian interventions and post conflict peace building. Therefore, in considering the US position in the two Iraq Wars, I shall consider the background to US foreign policy in Section 2, followed by a discussion of Operation Desert Storm in Section 3. In Section 4 I shall undertake a comparative analysis of Operation Iraqi Freedom followed by a discussion of the blurring of the distinction between military operations and legitimate peace building initiatives. In Section 6, I shall consider the Operation Iraqi Freedom in context of the increased role of private military contractors by the US, followed by a conclusion in section 7. If we consider the historical backdrop of US foreign policy, it is evident from the early 1794 the Neutrality Act, which was re-enacted and amended in 1818; that US foreign policy has roots in developing international laws of neutrality, by aiming to secure general acceptance of internal policy pronouncements â€Å"on such matters from the countries of Europe throughout the late eighteenth centuries onwards† (Boyle, 2002 at

Environmental Justice and Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Environmental Justice and Sustainability Essay Alex Steffen and Sarah Rich, executive editors of the bright green environmentalist online magazine WorldChanging recently observed that while environmental movements have focused primarily on confronting the ecological injustices that have become a historical trademark of industrialization, it has made little of a name for itself in addressing the social injustice that is also a part of environmental degradation. (Steffen Rich, 2007) Steffen and Rich remark, â€Å"the environmental movement has grown and become known (at least early on) more for its vehement advocacy for whales and rainforests than for disenfranchised citizens† noting that the latter is generally regarded as a concern of other movements related to social justice and civil rights. However, they note that it has become increasingly apparent that social injustice and environmental degradation are inextricably related to one another. (Steffen Rich, 2007) While many cities have begun to embrace the concept of sustainability into their policies, few have taken environmental justice into account. Van Jones neatly summarized the issue of environmental justice when he declared at last year’s Green Festival in Chicago, Who are we going to take with us, and who are we going to leave behind? Jones concern was that the environmental movement is divided between the rich and the poor. (Anderson, 2007) As such, any definition of sustainability must take the social dimensions of environmental damage into account, for the degradation of the environment is in fact, a civil injustice. Sustainability must embrace environmental justice by letting â€Å"environment† stand not just for concerns over resources, pollution and biodiversity but concerns over equitable distribution of resources, human health and racial equality. (Steffen Rich, 2007) The city of San Francisco has embraced the United Nations definition of sustainability and has conclusively inferred that sustainability means social equity as much as it does environmental responsibility. However, it is also rather vague about what social equitability means. (Magilavy, 2008) Sustainability policies should declare that improvements and protection of environmental welfare should be applied without discrimination. They should declare that resources are distributed equally and access to justice over environmental matters should be available to all, and that participation and decision making should be not limited to an exclusive demographic class or ethnicity. Likewise, environmental injustices such as the systemically inequitable distribution of wealth, the discriminatory improvement of environment, or the denial of access to information and participation in decision making in environmental-related policies should be covered by sustainability policies. As such, if the heart of sustainability’s definition is concern for the ecosystem and life within it, then it also includes the human beings who are part of it as well. The goal of sustainability should then be the achievement of the longevity of human and planet welfare, rather than just environmental protectionism by another name. The Global Footprint Network defines ‘ecological debt’ as the sum of all deficits in the biocapacity of the planet, and asserts that humanity’s demands on the planet is continuously exceeding that biocapacity. As such, the Network contends that we are in a state of overshoot, placing greater demands on nature than can it regenerate. (Global Footprint Network, 2008) This concept is crucial to the conception of environmental justice. Sustainability metrician Mathis Wackernagel (co-founder of The Global Footprint Network) has theorized that an equitable distribution of planetary capital would mean that our ‘fair share’ would have to be limited in addition to being sustainable. As such, Alex Steffen argues that the essence of sustainability is using the planet’s resource capital to create investments such that the same capital exists for future generations, anything else is unjust. (Steffen, 2006) Ecological democracy is an important means of achieving sustainability and environmental justice. To ensure that the environmental welfare of all individuals, regardless of race, class or gender is accounted for and that it is not done at the expense of planetary capital and the environmental welfare of future generations, decisions must be made that are free from the influence of the economic elite, racial factions, political forces and other special interests. In other words, the decisions to be made about the future of the environment must be done democratically to ensure that all have a say in the control of their local environment. Sustainability begins with environmental justice, which in turn is possible only with ecological democracy. The only alternative to such a form of environmentalism is a continuing perpetuation of inegalitarian systems, where we save the planet not for future generations, not for our fellow men, but for ourselves. REFERENCES Anderson, D. (2007, April 22) Dispatch from Greenfest Chicago: Van Jones on Green Collar Jobs and Our Shared Future, Part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http://davidanderson. greenoptions. com/2007/04/22/dispatch-from-greenfest-chicago-van-jones-on-green-collar-jobs-and-our-shared-future-part-i/ Global Footprint Network. Glossary. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http://www. footprintnetwork. org/gfn_sub. php? content=glossary Magilavy, B. (2008) Sustainability Plan. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http://sustainable-city. org/Plan/Intro/intro. htm Steffen, A. Rich, S. (2007, May 28) Principle 17: Environmental Justice. Worldchanging. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http://www. worldchanging. com/archives/006778. html Steffen, A. (Ed. ) (2006) Worldchanging: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century. New York: Abrams, Inc.

Frederick Douglas Essay -- Frederick Douglas report

Paper on Frederick Douglass In the 1800's, slavery was a predominant issue in the United States, one that most Americans in the South dealt with daily. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass reveals much about American history during the time of slavery as well as expounds arguments for the abolition of slavery. As a historical document, it conveys information about the slave family, work, the master-slave relationship, and the treatment and living conditions of slaves. As an antislavery tract, it argues against commonly held beliefs about slavery's benefits and its morality, making strong points for getting rid of slavery. In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass reveals, through the story he tells "the core of the meaning of slavery, both for individuals and for the nation."(2) Slave families were often torn apart by the master separating them. Douglass states that often mothers were taken away before the baby reached one year old. He believes this was probably done to break the bond of affection between the mother and the child. In Douglass' own case, he only remembered seeing his mother four or five times, during the night, when she had to walk twelve miles each time just to be able to see her own son for a little while. When she died, Douglass wasn't allowed to go to her burial. He was just told she was dead afterwards. Douglass didn't feel much hearing the news because he barely knew her. Douglass also wrote of how members of the slave family were always at risk of being separated. They could be sold at the master's whim, or when the master died, the slaves would be gathered with the rest of the property to be sold to different masters. Frederick Douglass tells how after his master died, th... ...ample, when he tells how people who could be chosen to work on the Great House Farm would sing songs filled with great anguish. When he heard these songs, he got his "first glimmering conception of the dehumanization character of slavery."(51) The second main idea was how knowledge equals power. His growing understanding about how education would be "the path from slavery to freedom."(64) He tells how the more his master, Mr. Auld, argued his education, the more clearly he knew its supreme importance. His third main point was that freedom is essential for every human being. He showed all of his renders a glimpse of this when he "imagines himself on one of [the ships] ‘gallant decks,' speaks to us and the ships alternating voices of anguish and triumph, pouring out his ‘soul's complaint,' and converting it into an unforgettable image of the meaning of freedom."(23)

Conflict ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Essay

How important is the theme of conflict in the play Romeo and Juliet? Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, is the most famous love story in English literature. However love isn’t the only theme that runs through the play. Shakespeare makes this typical love story more striking when he pits the romance in the context of family feuds, fights and deaths. The issue of conflict is as central to this play as the issues of love/honour/betrayal and death. It should come as no surprise that Shakespeare would include conflicts in this play as otherwise the play would simply be a dull statement on teenage love. Adding the conflicts highlights the tensions that the teenagers feel between their attachments to their own families and each other. Also, adding the conflict is important for dramatic effect. We see this clearly in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet but also see it in many modern forms of storytelling, such as film. The film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ is another example of two star-crossed lovers struggling to be together against their family’s wishes. The conflict in the film is between brothers, but also with others outside the characters immediate families. The dramatic effect of the conflict has the audience on the edge of their seat, willing the pair to escape their terrible lives of abuse and live happily ever after. Slumdog is Romeo and Juliet for the 21st Century.As in Shakespeare’s play, in Slumdog the audience are told what will happen in the story by way of a prologue The prologue in Romeo and Juliet tells the audience the story and the ending (the two lovers will mend their family feuds by taking their own lives) â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes. A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life. .† The prologue is an unusual storytelling device as it reveals the end of the story at the beginning. But it also draws the audience is to know why the lovers take their own lives and the audience remains shocked by that event, despite being warned about it. In Bas Learhmann’s film the audience is surprised when Juliet wakes from her sleep to find Romeo lying dead next to her. Her reaction of killing herself is a shocking ending to the film (play) despite the audience knowing what is coming. In Shakespeare’s prologue the  Chorus describes two noble households in the city of Verona. The houses hold an â€Å"ancient grudge† against each other that remains a source of violent and bloody conflict. The audience are told that the families live in â€Å"Fair Verona† and who the main characters in the play are. So within a few minutes of the play commencing the audience (reader) is primed with enough information to generate an interest to read on. The first scene comes immediately after the prologue and Shakespeare commences the scene with two Capulet servants (Sampson and Gregory) who talk about the conflict between the two family’s. It is interesting that even though they are servants (â€Å"Slaves†) they say that the family’s feud is their feud: The quarrel is between our masters and us their men It is important to remember that the play is written at a time when servants were obliged to honour their masters, and that included laying down their life for their ‘betters’. The tone of the conversation between the two servants replicates the conflict that we hear about in the prologue. Shakespeare has established a thread for the reader to follow here. The violence of the conflict is clear when the two servants talk of what they will do to the Montague women once they defeat the Montague men. Brutalising the women of a defeated enemy is something that has happened throughout history. True; and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall: therefore I will push Montague’s men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall The public brawl started by Tybalt is joined by members of both families, including the Montague and Capulet ‘fathers’. Seeing old enemy (Montague) Capulet says to his wife: My sword, I say! Old Montague is come, And flourishes his blade in spite of me. The street fighting and hatred between the Capulets and Montagues is only one form of conflict in Shakespeare’s play. Shakespeare’s writing about conflict extends to Juliet’s family too. In Act 3 Scene 5 Juliet is told  by her mother that she will marry. Juliet’s unhappiness at this arranged marriage (she is told to report to the church on Thursday) leads to a conflict with her father who calls her a ‘young baggage and disobedient wench’. The family conflict repeats one faced by some young women whose husbands are chosen for them. This cultural obligation is also made clear by Juliet’s mother when she says to Juliet that by the age of 14 (Juliet’s age at the time of the play) she was already pregnant with Juliet. The tradition of marrying girls off young, and to wealthy older men, has largely been overcome in some communities, however, in others it still creates tension. Sometimes with tragic outcomes. The theme of conflict is important in this play because it reflects the type of social conditions that existed at the time that Shakespeare wrote his play. It is interesting that although our social conditions have changed, the underlying themes and circumstances here could apply to our society today. Young, violent, men fighting over territory/honour and (like Tybalt) being killed in the crossfire. Shakespeare’s decision to talk about the unfairness of Juliet’s father’s insistence that she marry, may be a brave attempt to raise the issue of forced marriage. But, alternatively, it could also be seen as a source of gaiety and merriment for the Shakespearean audience. Despite some really difficult language, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a play that transcends time in terms of its underlying themes. This makes the play as relevant now as it was when it was first played.

Fundamental Elements of a Story Essay

This essay is going to talk about three different points: What are the types of effect that the writer can leave on his readers by his story? How important is the writer’s style to make his story access into his readers’ minds? What are the possible ways that the writer could use to make his theme noticed in his story? What are the Different Ways a Story’s Format Affects the Reader’s Comprehension? Positive effect The format of the story must be effective for the reader; if the form of the story is well organized the reader’s comprehension will be affected. The writer must organize the story elements and build a connection between all of these elements. Negative effect The format of the story could be not effective for the reader because of unorganized story structure. The way that the writer is telling his point of view doesn’t affect readers properly. In What Ways do the Style and Point of View in a Story Format Effects the Delivery of that Story? The style and the point of view are important because the writer is the story teller. When the writer’s point of view is cleared and detailed his story becomes effective (Story, 2007). How can the Theme be Evident throughout a Story’s Elements? The theme can be evident depending on how the writer includes it in the story elements. For example, according to critics Joseph Conrad in his novel ‘Heart of Darkness’ showed his racist personality and negative attitude towards women (Student Resources, 2008). Conclusion A story acceptance depends on the style of the author; maybe most readers will love it or hate it. The writer could write a story in 2 different ways with one 1 theme; the level of acceptance will not be the same in both cases. References Elements of the Short Story. (2007). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www. scribblingwomen. org/elements. htm Student Resources. (2008). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www. josephconradsociety. org/student_resources. htm

Free Essays on Market Research Analysis - Teens

Recent studies have shown that understanding the complex teenage market is paramount to success in today’s rapidly changing market environment. The teenage market, ages twelve to seventeen, is the fastest growing market segment in America. Today’s teenagers, comprising 26% of the United States population, are spending more money than ever on material goods. A careful examination of this diverse market, specifically teenage girls, ages twelve to seventeen, will provide necessary insight for success. There are an estimated 69.8 million people under age 18 (23 million of whom are teenagers) in the United States, making up 26 percent of the U.S. population. These individuals range in ethnicity; 72.4% white, 12.%1 black, 11.2% Latino, 3.6% Asian American and 0.7% Native American. Teenagers account for almost 31 million Americans and by 2010 it is estimated that this number will reach 35 million. Among Americans under the age of 35, only the teen segment will experience a boom over the next decade, according to Census Bureau estimates. Other youth segments will remain relatively unchanged. In order to successfully market to teenage girls, one must understand the multidimensional profile of teenage girls. The typical teenage girl is spending more than ever, including their own money and money given to them from their parents. These girls spend large amounts of time in groups at malls or other large shopping facilities, discussing anything from school, to boys, to fashion. Also, teenage girls exhibit price insensitivity, that is, they do not focus on the prices of desirable material goods, simply whether or not they are trendy. They are also greatly influenced by media sources, particularly celebrity endorsements. And, finally, teenage girls are on the Internet, shopping, chatting with friends, and becoming acutely aware of today’s fashions, thereby influencing their purchase power. Teenage girls have a high level of dis... Free Essays on Market Research Analysis - Teens Free Essays on Market Research Analysis - Teens Recent studies have shown that understanding the complex teenage market is paramount to success in today’s rapidly changing market environment. The teenage market, ages twelve to seventeen, is the fastest growing market segment in America. Today’s teenagers, comprising 26% of the United States population, are spending more money than ever on material goods. A careful examination of this diverse market, specifically teenage girls, ages twelve to seventeen, will provide necessary insight for success. There are an estimated 69.8 million people under age 18 (23 million of whom are teenagers) in the United States, making up 26 percent of the U.S. population. These individuals range in ethnicity; 72.4% white, 12.%1 black, 11.2% Latino, 3.6% Asian American and 0.7% Native American. Teenagers account for almost 31 million Americans and by 2010 it is estimated that this number will reach 35 million. Among Americans under the age of 35, only the teen segment will experience a boom over the next decade, according to Census Bureau estimates. Other youth segments will remain relatively unchanged. In order to successfully market to teenage girls, one must understand the multidimensional profile of teenage girls. The typical teenage girl is spending more than ever, including their own money and money given to them from their parents. These girls spend large amounts of time in groups at malls or other large shopping facilities, discussing anything from school, to boys, to fashion. Also, teenage girls exhibit price insensitivity, that is, they do not focus on the prices of desirable material goods, simply whether or not they are trendy. They are also greatly influenced by media sources, particularly celebrity endorsements. And, finally, teenage girls are on the Internet, shopping, chatting with friends, and becoming acutely aware of today’s fashions, thereby influencing their purchase power. Teenage girls have a high level of dis...

Expressing a Specific Quantity In French

Expressing a Specific Quantity In French This is the second part of my lesson on French quantities. First, read about  du, de la and des, how to express  unspecific quantities in French,  so you follow the logical progression of this lesson. So now, lets take a look at specific quantities. 1 - Un, Une = One and the Numbers This one is quite easy. When you are talking about a whole item, use: un ( masculine word) to say one. Ex: Jai un fils (I have one son).une ( feminine word) to say one. Ex: jai une fille ( I have one daughter).a cardinal number, like deux, or 33678  Ex: jai deux filles (I have two daughters). Note that un and une are also indefinite articles in French, meaning a/ an in English.   2 - More Specific Quantities = Expressions of Quantity Are Followed by De or D ! This is the part that usually confuses students. I hear these  mistakes several times a day during my Skype lessons. Its definitely one of the most common French mistakes. Expressions of quantity are followed by de (or d), never du, de la, de l, or des. In English, you say I would like a little bit OF cake, not a little bit SOME cake dont you? Well, its exactly the same thing in French. So, in French, after an expression of quantity, we use â€Å"de† or â€Å"d† ( word starting with a vowel). Ex: Un verre de vin (a glass OF wine, NOT DU, you do not say â€Å"a glass some wine†)Ex: Une bouteille de champagne (a bottle of champagne)Ex: Une carafe d’eau (a pitcher of water – de becomes d’ vowel)Ex: Un litre de jus de pomme (a liter of apple juice)Ex: Une assiette de charcuterie (a plate of cold cuts)Ex: Un kilo de pommes de terre (a kilo of potatoes)Ex: Une botte de carottes (a bunch of carrots)Ex: Une barquette de fraises (a box of strawberries)Ex: Une part de tarte (a slice of pie). And do not forget all the adverbs of quantity, that also specify quantities : Ex: Un peu de fromage (a bit of cheese)Ex: Beaucoup de lait (a lot of milk).Ex: Quelques morceaux de lards (a few pieces of bacon). Note that in spoken French, this â€Å"de† is very much glided, so almost silent. OK, now that I made this very clear, I am going to confuse you even more†¦ bear  with me. You could say je voudrais un morceau du gà ¢teau au chocolat. Why? Because in these cases, you are running into another French grammar rule: the du here is not a partitive article, meaning some, but a contraction of the definite article with de, de le du.   It makes sense when you stay focusses on the context: Je voudrais du gà ¢teau some cake, I dont care how much.Je voudrais un morceau de gà ¢teau a piece of cake.Je voudrais un morceau du gà ¢teau au chocolat a piece of the chocolate cake, this specific one Im looking at right now, not the strawberry cake next to it, but that chocolate cake (Imagine Cookie Monster, it will help)†¦ BTW, you say un gà ¢teau AU chocolat because its made with chocolate and other ingredients, not just chocolate. The chocolate is a flavor, but there is also flour, sugar, butter. Youd say un pà ¢tà © de canard because its a way to prepare the duck. Remove the duck and youre left with only spices. But I digress...So now, for the last part of this lesson, lets see what happens when the quantity is zero, and with adjectives of quantities.

Professional Values Ethics and Law for Child Nursing Essay

Professional Values Ethics and Law for Child Nursing - Essay Example The paper seeks to evaluate the dangers and benefits of ethical theories in relation to the case study. The professional ethical theories include Deontology, Rights, Utilitarianism, Casuist, Virtue, Teleology and Care Ethics. The research further seeks to outline the effects of nursing principles towards professional accountability and responsibility. The principles include Justice, Paternalism, Least Harm and Fidelity. In addition, the research seeks to investigate how the Law affects health care practice through code of conduct relevant to the case study. The case study involve a dying baby who had undergone an unsuccessful heart operation and was placed at the heart lung machine where her parents had pleaded with the liaison nurse to allow them be with their baby in the OR, before she died. According to the rules of the Operating System no visitation was allowed in the area only the authorized practitioners. The nurse went ahead to enforce the hospital’s regulations where she highlighted that the parents could only view the baby after she had died and her chest stitched back up. The baby died the same day without the parent’s presence where they returned the next morning to view the body. The nurse was disturbed from the experience and from the sorrowful mood of the parent’s, where she decided to visit the hospital’s Director of ethics for consultation on the issue. According to Humber (2013), the medical nurse had the intuition of predicting the outcome of the baby’s condition and the consequence of her action. The theory stipulates that Angela had the choice of making an ethical decision that yielded the greatest beneficial outcome. A dying child greatly affects the parent’s emotions. The nurse practitioner had the ethical duty to empathize with the parent’s who would never had the chance to see their child alive again. Among the benefit of the theory is

Discussion 7 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 7 international relations - Essay Example 47). Kant’s article thus has promoted a unique cosmopolitan approach to developing an international law that all individuals possess equal rights regardless of the country they belong to. His work put forward specific three articles about perpetual peace among nations, they are, a) republican-character of every states’ civil constitution, b) law of nations as being federation of free states, and c) world citizenship as conditions of universal (Russett, Starr and Kinsella, 2009). First section of Immanuel Kant’s writings emphasized that no peace-treaty will be valid if it is made with a secret reservation for material for a future war, an independently existing land shall not be acquired by another state for inheritance, standing armies shall gradually be abolished, a state’s debts shall not be contracted in connection with the external affairs of the state etc. The other sections from his writings suggested that each nation can demand of the others that th ey should enter along with them in to a constitution, similar to the civil one for the sake of security reasons. His perpetual peace theory denoted idea of international right which in turn presupposes the separate existence of many independent states (Kant, p. 368- 374).

ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment Example Users can then withdraw money from their NationHela cards using the readily available mobile phone money transfer schemes. Alternatively, a user can pay for purchases using the loaded NationHela card at outlets that accept debit cards. Using a NationHela debit card is extremely convenient for most people as it eliminates the risks involved in carrying cash. One does not also need to go to the bank for each withdrawal since the system allows users to withdraw money through their mobile phones. NationHela is the best money transfer method, for Kenyan freelancers to use in receiving money from abroad because it is dependable, trustworthy, and versatile. The advert is trying to sell NationHela as dependable way of receiving money from abroad and does so in a manner that psychologically and visually convinces the reader. It employs factors such as symbolism, color, and psychological manipulation. The African people have always visualized the dollar as a symbol of financial freedom and ema ncipation from poverty. Portraying the money in US dollars plays with the reader’s mind such that it gives the impression of added wealth. This way, a reader is convinced that they are going to experience the much needed financial liberation if they use the NationHela card. Therefore, NationHela is a dependable way for freelancers to improve their financial status. Color plays a significant role in conveying messages. The lady in the picture is wearing a pink top, pink necklace, pink earrings, and a blue pair of jeans. In addition, she is carrying a black and white stripped handbag and portrays an image of a successful, well-groomed woman. These features influence the female customers to think that using NationHela will give them success in life. Pink is a symbol of feminism mostly associated with affluence. The use of pink works on the psychology of potential female customers. It convinces them that they will be able to acquire beauty and style with the money received via Na tionHela. A handbag is a lady’s accessory that primarily carries money among other things. The handbag in the advertisement consists of black and white. Black symbolizes wealth and power in Western culture (Symbolism of color. Using color for meaning) whereas white symbolizes simplicity and precision. Therefore, a combination of the two colors on the handbag implies that the woman is carrying power and wealth and that this wealth has been obtained in an effortless and precise manner. A blue NationHela debit card is included at the bottom left corner of the advert. People perceive blue as â€Å"trustworthy, dependable, and committed† (â€Å"Color: Meaning, Symbolism and Psychology†). Thus, the blue debit card together with the symbolism of other colors in the advert give the impression that NationHela is a trustworthy venture for freelancers, making it the best money transfer method. A lucrative commercial also employs the right models to portray the intended mes sage correctly. The advert uses two models, a male and a female. The female model has a pleasantly surprised look on her face, seems extremely happy, and looks back at an outstretched hand holding 500 US dollar notes. It looks as if like she was on her way to a different place before a hand holding cash beckoned her. The other model’s appearance is not fully shown with only the hand appearing in the picture. In spite of this, one can deduce

The Davao Death Squad

The Davao Death Squad Davao City would be a good example of an ideal city, a city that has been under the hands Mayor Duterte for about 10 yrs. Under his name, the Davao City has improved in terms of crime rates, discipline and other aspects. While he was the mayor of the city, it was said that he was involved in the death squad that was responsible for killings that was happening then. The Davao Death Squad is an active vigilante group in Davao City, Philippines. Reports have shown that they have been responsible for the summary killings that were happening in Davao City for the past few years. Reports said that they were responsible for executing drug traffickers and all criminal actions in Davao City. Rodrigo Duterte being the mayor at that time was a prime suspect of the death squad. He was said to be liable of the killings of the squad. Drug dealers, criminals with intense crime, and other illegal trading were assassinated. Many of the victims purportedly had criminal records, giving rise to suspicions that the so called Davao Death Squad were behind their deaths. If the Davao Death Squad would continue, crime rate would be lower, innocent lives would be protected, and the value of life would be strengthened. Counterclaims Promotes death penalty In fact, death penalty is a good way to control the crime rates and illegal transaction. If there is death penalty, there would be no death squad. Death squad aims to assassinate illegal citizens who commit crime in the city. If there is death penalty, the death squad would have no use because the death squad is promoting death penalty. So both are on the same side and are on the same page. Life is indeed precious, and I believe the death penalty helps to affirm that fact which makes the death squad in the same line with death penalty. Decline of Tourism Ever since the Davao Death Squad has been investigated, the tourism of Davao City was not affected. The Death Squad is not something that every tourist should know about Davao City. Davao City is well known for its peace and order. It is known to be in good hands of Mayor Duterte. If people would come visit Davao, theres nothing to worry about being assassinated by the Death Squad unless if that person is bringing illegal transaction in the city. Actually, it was stated that the tourism of Davao City has increased since 1998 to 2004. If the tourism of Davao would decrease, the death squad has nothing to do with it. The fact that the death squad promotes peace and order, it attracts tourist knowing that the city is safe from crime and illegal deals. Claim Controls the crime and illegal trading The Davao Death Squad has been active ever since the crime rate in Davao City was high. When the death squad became active in the community, criminal activities were less. Knowing that it terminates those who are involved in illegal transactions, it controls the crime and illegal transactions that are happening in Davao City. The death squad assassinates those who are poisoning the city with heavy crime and illegal activities With this kind of scheme, it alarms every citizen of Davao City to be aware of this vigilante group. Fear will help control crime and the illegal transactions of the city. Criminals would just continue to do their thing when sanction is very low like going to jail and still be released soon. The probability of the people to stop and to avoid illegal transactions would be high, knowing that they will be a target of assassination if they would ever proceed with illegal activities. If the death squad will be continued, it would intimidate the criminals and illegal sectors that are within the city thus it controls the crime. Claim Strengthens the value of life through serious justice It strengthens people in the notion that Davao is a city where justice is being taken seriously, however to an excessive point, some may argue. Human rights dont necessarily stand for peace. The death squad only takes down the social deviants. As stated in the reports, the killings of the death squad where all criminal suspects that were involved in a major issue. The individual criminals were just taken to jail, but once an individual is making a lot of mess in the society as a whole, knowing that theyll just get out of jail and do evil things all over again, will be assassinated. Justice is what every city aims to have but justice can never be taken seriously with no serious punishments that would abolish the crimes and illegal entries. Mayor Duterte remains to be a powerful figure of Davao city. He aims to have peace and order in the city. Sources have stated that other higher officials have agreed that Duterte has improved the peace and order of the city in his hands. Nobody knows if he is involved in the death squad but what we know is the death squad has helped Duterte improve the peace of the city. Mayor Duterte explained his perspective in an interview that if you are doing an illegal activity in the city, if you are a criminal or part of a syndicate that preys on the innocent people of the city, for as long as he is the mayor, you are a legitimate target of assassination. Whoever is behind all this, or if it may really be Mayor Duterete, he is justifiable in his conquest for peace. It strengthens the value of life because it has a higher regard for the value of a persons life. Nothing would intimidate the criminals, no other than the death squad. It is similar to how the penalty goes if a person commits a crime. It is by stating the highest penalty for committing a major crime like, taking away of human life, that we establish the highest value of human life. Claim Protects innocent lives There was a woman who works at a gym as a trainer. One early morning, she was walking her way to work when she walked by a small street at the corner, she passed by a small store where there were groups of men who were drunk. The woman was abused with the drunken men. She was then stabbed many times until the woman lost her life. The next week, the drunken men were reported to be assassinated by the death squad. If the drunken men were not put to death by the death squad, it is not an assurance that those men would not kill an innocent life again. Once someone is involved in a serious crime, theres always a time when they will do it again. Innocent lives are at risk if these criminals are outside claiming to be innocent. If guilty lives are being protected, we are bringing innocent lives in the line. If these criminals are put to jail, knowing that they did a serious criminal once, great chance is that theyll do it again after being set out of jail. If these criminals are put to death, there is this assurance that they wont do the same mistake again. First of all, there would be no death squad if crime was taken seriously in the society. Sad to hear that the justice system of a society fails to function which results to the death squad. It could be possible that the public is no longer satisfied with the security system of the city. One of the best ways to guarantee the protection that a society would want is to give surety that convicted murders do not slaughter again. VI. Conclusion Although some may argue that the Davao Death Squad is immoral, they should face the fact that it promotes serious justice and peace in the city. The death squad remains to be a powerful tool in controlling crime, strengthening the value of life, and protecting innocent lives. The death squad has been proven to control the crime rates in the city. It shows that the city does not promote illegal transaction within the borders of the society. There is a higher probability that criminals would get intimidated of the death squad that would avoid them from doing crime. The death squad strengthens the value of life through serious justice. It gives a higher regard for the value of a persons life. By means of stating the highest penalty for committing a serious crime, we establish the highest value of human life. The death squad shuts down criminals to protect innocent lives from harm. It gives that assurance that these criminals will not kill again. The Davao Death squad would have a big im pact in promoting peace and order of Davao City.

Euthanasia in Oregon Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Euthanasia in Oregon Oregon is currently the only state that gives the terminally ill the right to decide how and when they want to die. This is known as â€Å"Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act† which lets ill, competent patients, who have less than six months to live, choose their preferred lethal dose of medication after they confer with two doctors. Since this right is present in only one state, it causes controversy. David Sarasohn in â€Å"No Last Rights† discusses Attorney General John Ashcroft’s challenge to the 1997 Supreme Court decision, which gave doctors in Oregon the right to prescribe federally controlled substances intended to euthanize. Ken MacQueen in â€Å"Choosing Suicide† reflects on various cases of euthanasia, differences in lawmaking on euthanasia between Canada and Oregon, and illegal acts of euthanasia. Sarasohn begins his article by acknowledging how Ashcroft valiantly takes the task of confronting the voters of Oregon to contemplate euthasasia during a week when anthrax and 9/11 were pressing issues for Ashcroft. In the article, Ashcroft states how using federally controlled substances, for the purposes of assisting suicide, violates the Controlled Substances Act (Sarasohn 8). The author states broadly how Ashcroft throws out the Oregon euthanasia law, not specifying the effect his challenge had on the law. It is important to note that Ashcroft’s reversal of the 1997 Supreme Court ruling does not prohibit medically assisted suicide in Oregon. However, it does forbid the usage of federally controlled drugs to kill a patient. The conclusion of the article talks about the Bush administration commending the decision and how Ashcroft sent out a DEA administrator to implement the new ... ... of his explanations are unclear and vague, making the reader want to do additional research on the subject. Sarasohn’s article is extremely concise and it relies on many, elaborate quotes without much evidence provided by him. This drastically affects his credibility. On the other hand, Ken MacQueen’s â€Å"Choosing Suicide† presents the reader with a much more upbeat and detailed outlook on Oregon’s law. He sums up Ashcroft’s effect on the law in a few sentences while focusing on other important aspects of the concern. In the end, these articles entice the reader into wondering if Oregon state law on euthanasia serves as a model to the rest of the nation or as a poison to medicine. Works Cited MacQueen, Ken. â€Å"Choosing Suicide† Maclean’s v. 115 no31 (August 5 2002) p. 40-1    Sarasohn, David. â€Å"No Last Rights† The Nation v.273 no19 (December 10 2001) p. 8

Collegial And Formal Type Of Leadership Concerning Head Teachers

This assignment consists of two parts. In the first portion, the theoretical accounts of collegial and formal type of leading are considered and compared to the caput instructor ‘s function to which the writer is familiar within the educational system of Cyprus. The caput instructor ‘s function will be analysed in both leading manners. In the 2nd portion, the writer concentrates on the premises made about the school organisation and its values with the collegial and formal types of leading. The assignment ends with a decision based on the writer ‘s apprehension of leading that emerges from a consideration of both theory and pattern in relation to these two theoretical accounts. Part 1 Harmonizing to Pashiardis ( 1995 ) the educational system in Cyprus has a bureaucratic construction and school principals are invariably seeking to fulfill the administrative officials instead than the demands of pupils and parents. Everything must be done in a pre-determined mode, which barely leaves any infinite for mistakes or gives leeway for divergence from the mainstream. This is the chief ground why the formal theoretical account of leading is being chosen. Most of the elements of direction tantrum into the bureaucratic construction of the Cypriot educational system. On the other manus, within the collegial theoretical account of leading the regulating organic structure of each school is free to put extra purposes and aims that would non merely profit the school community but besides the quality of the instruction offered. Collegial Model of Management Harmonizing to Bush ( 1995 ) and his collegial theoretical account, the purposes emerge from a participative procedure whereby staff reach an understanding based on common values. The leader in a collegial theoretical account believes that school staff should ever be a squad in order to be effectual and that everyone should be involved in all activities refering the school patterns. In this instance, all instructors should hold a common vision, set a mission and be cognizant of their function to guarantee the success of the academic endeavor. The elements of Collegial Model are the procedures by which ends are determined by the nature of determination procedure and the leading manner. The collegial theoretical account is based on understanding ends among the members of an organisation and nowadayss sidelong constructions and all members have the right to take part in the determination procedure. As Kaily P. ( 2010 ) wrote A «specific jobs can be addressed by different commissions which are appointed at the beginning of the school twelvemonth. These commissions consist of instructors harmonizing to their abilities and expertness. They undertake to turn to and work out jobs that arise during the school twelvemonth such as pupil subject by explicating a codification of behavior, force at school- bar and intervention, development activities for motive in acquisition, larning troubles and workaroundsA » ( Kaily P. E849 Web Activity 1, 2 November 2010 ) . Furthermore, Palli C. ( 2010 ) A «there is a shared leading and a c orporate sense of duty among the staff at her school. At the beginning of the school twelvemonth at that place was a deputation of functions and duties. Besides the instructors had the chance to choose the commissions they wanted to be members harmonizing to their interestsA » ( Palli C. E849 Web Activity 1, 3 November 2010 ) . The most positive facet of the Collegial Model is the fact that ends have already been agreed, ensuing to the possibility for the participant staff to concentrate and to accomplish the ends set. Everybody ‘s aspirations, expertness and capablenesss are taken into consideration and used in a manner that promotes the public assistance of the school unit. As Bennett ( 1995 ) has argued, cognition is an of import power resource. Sharing cognition in a collaborative manner requires a high grade of common trust and consensus. Formal Model of Management Looking into Bush ( 1995 ) the formal theoretical accounts of direction aver that aims are set at the institutional degree. Goals are determined by senior staff and the support of other instructors is taken for granted. Therefore, the activities of schools are evaluated in the visible radiation of these official intents. Furthermore, the organisational construction is regarded as nonsubjective world. Persons hold defined places in the organisation and working relationships are assumed to be strongly influenced by these official places. Formal theoretical accounts treat constructions as hierarchal with decision-making as a ‘top-down ‘ procedure. In contrast to collegiality, the features ofA the formal direction modelsA harmonizing to Bush ( 2003 ) A «heads haveA authorization because of their positionsA and areA accountableA for what they do to their patron they use anyA rationalA manner to accomplish goalsaˆÂ ¦A »A ( Bush, 2003, p.126 ) fits a batch to the Cypriot Educational System. Not merely do public schools but besides private 1s have debt-reduction direction programmes and everything must be centralized and economic systems of graduated table must be made. One is asked to yearly describe in beforehand how many pupils are registered for the undermentioned academic twelvemonth that the figure of instructors is reduced to the lower limit to salvage resources as Webb and Vulliamy ( 1996 ) reference A «in bureaucratism, efficiency, subject, control, reliabilityA is more importantA » ( Webb and Vulliamy, 1989, p.312 ) . Promotion is on the footing of seniorityA ( Bush 2003 ) more like a typical formal bureaucra tic Cypriot school. However, after a long waiting at the age of 40-55 one eventually leaves from the low-paying Cypriot private school and is employed by a ‘highly-benefiting ‘ Cypriot public school. When he/she gets employed in a public school, which will merely happen out merely a few yearss before the school twelvemonth starts, uncovering bureaucratism which is neither efficient nor dependable. Part 2 Harmonizing to Bush and Derek ( 2003 ) leading may be understood as ‘influence ‘ but this impression is impersonal in that it does non explicate or urge what ends or actions should be sought through this procedure. However, A «certain alternate concepts of leading focal point on the demand for leading to be grounded in steadfast personal and professional valuesA » ( Bush and Derek, 2003, p.4 ) . Wasserberg ( 1999 ) besides claims that A «the primary function of any leader is the fusion of people around cardinal valuesA » ( Wasserberg, 1999, p.158 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Gross ( 1985 ) values are generated externally to the person instead than being internal, personal creative activities. However persons play important function in set uping peculiar values with environments in which they live and work. Bush ( 1998 ; 2003 ) besides links A «leadership to values or aim while direction relates to implementation or proficient issuesA » ( Bush, 1998, 2003, p .324 ) Collegial theoretical account is interpinned by integrative and actuating values. Integrative values are those that serve to pull persons into collectivity and motivation values are those that shape single and corporate perceptual experiences of demands and involvements. The deduction of these values for leading function in the educational system in Cyprus could be justified since caput instructors normally encourage the staff to take portion in any decision-making process. In this certain values are agreed in the schools. Thus the personal sentiments of ( instructors, parents pupils ) are acceptable by others, differences and dissensions are shown in a democratic signifier. In add-on, coaction is promoted by caput instructors. Every instructor, parent, pupil has its personal demands and involvements. Head instructors try to assist all members in personal and professional troubles and offer ways in order for everyone to hold a function in the school. Furthermore, caput instructors pr omote trust and assurance among all members, make constructive remarks and promote staff to take part in educational seminars and other educational plans. The formal leading theoretical account combines largely regulative and directing values which seek to command the behavior of persons and groups. The equal chances and race dealingss statute law is enacted in many developed states. Such values are an of import portion of the policy procedure both nationally and within organisations. Whether we accept or reject person else ‘s value system is non the same as denying that it is a value which shapes their actions. This is one of the three different sorts of Gross ‘s ( 1985 ) classified values which influence different aspects of the school.A Although the ministry of Education and Culture directs schools on how to run, each school may develop its ain rules and values harmonizing to its peculiar demands and purposes. Under the counsel of the Head Teacher certain values have been defined for my school ‘s civilization like: Equal chances for all kids as an look of cardinal human rights, the development of pupils ‘ soc ietal accomplishments, democratic duologue in instance of struggles among the kids, the multi-dimensional betterment of kids ‘s personality, the importance of interaction with the external environment ( parents ) , and the pattern of multiple intelligences. All the above societal values are articulated within the school serve to pull persons into a formality. The manner that my school is managed promotes coaction and reduces conflict between staff. The caput instructor supports the attempts of his instructors and motivates them to portion and bring forth the school ‘s values. He helps instructors cope with the troubles encountered and promotes respect, democracy, honestness and trust. He encourages instructors to take portion in educational seminars and provides equal chances for engagement in determination doing seeking to follow democratic values. As Gross ( 1985 ) references â€Å" Persons play a important function in set uping peculiar values within the environments in which they live and work. Valuess are manifested in the actions people take, including the things that they say and the linguistic communication they use † ( Gross, 1985, p.47 ) . A Harmonizing to Sergiovanni ( 2000 ) , how we resolve a job relates to the extent to which our determination devising is dominated by the values of our life universe and our syst em universe. As he interprets, system universe should be interdependent with life universe ( the kernel of values and beliefs ) Decision In decision it can be seen that at that place has to be a leading manner which will integrate patterns from both manners of leading and which promote the development of the school through the engagement and engagement of all the staff members. A caput instructor ‘s function is to do the vision and the mission of the school known to his/her staff in order for the instructors with the right cognition and ability to be involved in the determination devising. Bennett, N. ( 1995 ) Pull offing Professional Teachers: in-between direction in primary and secondary schools, London, Paul Chapman. Bush, T. ( 1995 ) , 2nd edn, Theories of Educational Management, London, Paul Chapman. Bush, T. ( 1998 ) The National Professional Qualification for Headship: the key to effectual school leading? , School Leadership and Management, 18 ( 3 ) 321-34. Bush, T. ( 2003 ) , Theories of Educational Management, 3rd edn. London: Sage. Bush, T. And Derek G. , ( 2003 ) , School Leadership: Concepts and Evidence, Full study Spring, 2003 E849 Leading and Managing for Effective Education, Study Guide, ( 2003 ) , The Open University. Gross, F. ( 1985 ) , Ideologies, Goals and Values, Westport, CT, Greenwood Press. Kaily, P. E849 Web Activity 1, 2 November 2010 Palli, C. , E849 Web Activity 1, 3 November 2010 Pashiardis, P. ( 1995 ) , A «Cyprus principals and the catholicities of effectual leadership'A » , International Studies in Educational Administration, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 16-26. Sergiovanni 2000, Effective Educational Leadership, O.U. , Sage Wasserberg, M. ( 1999 ) , Making the vision and doing it go on, in Tomlinson, H. , Gunter, H. and Smith, P. ( Eds. ) , Populating Headship: Voices, Valuess and Vision, London, Paul Chapman. Webb, R. and Vulliamy, G. ( 1996 ) , The altering function of the primary caput instructor, Educational Management and Administration, 24 ( 3 ) , 301-15.

How does Steinbeck present Crooks in the extract? Essay

Assignment Title: How does Steinbeck present Crooks in the extract? What is the importance of crooks in the novel as a whole? Of Mice and Men is a powerful and moving portrayal of two men striving to understand their own unique place in the world. Drifters in search of work, George and his simple-minded friend Lennie have nothing in the world except each other – and a dream. A dream that one day they will have some land of their own. Eventually they find work on a ranch, but their hopes are doomed, as Lennie – struggling against extreme cruelty, misunderstanding and feelings of jealousy – becomes a victim of his own strength. Of Mice and Men does many things which include: tackling universal themes, friendship and a shared vision, and giving a voice to America’s lonely and dispossessed; and in this essay about this poignant novel I will explain how ‘Crooks’ a key character in this book is presented, and also show his importance to the novel as a whole. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Crooks is a black man and is disfigured because of his crooked back. Because of these two things, he is treated as a second-class citizen. We can see that he is treated this way by looking at this extract: â€Å"Crooks, the negro stable buck, had his bunk in the harness-room; a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn. On one side of the little room there was a square four paned window, and on the other, a narrow plank door leading into the barn. Crooks’ bunk was a long box filled with straw, on which his blankets were flung.† From this extract, we are told many things about crooks. Firstly, in the opening sentence of the extract, we are told that crooks is a â€Å"negro stable buck†. We know straight away that he is different because of the fact that his colour was mentioned; none of the other characters in the book were described by the colour of their skin, showing that crooks has been separated from them based upon his colour. Crooks has his own bunk in the harness room, where the tacking for the horses is kept. The idea of the harness room is important because Crooks, like the rest of the characters, are literally in harness to the job on the ranch. They work like the animals until they have outlived their usefulness. Crooks, more than the rest, is seen as animal-like because of the colour of his skin. His living space is also second-class to the bunkhouse. We can see this because the room is said to be no more than â€Å"a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn†. This shows that his living space is very small and not meant for a person to live in. The room that he lives in is of poor quality, â€Å"a narrow plank door† and the fact that his room has a door, which leads onto the barn further prove that he is being treated like an animal. His room is ill equipped for living in â€Å"Crooks had his apple box over his bunk, and in it a range of medicine bottles, both for himself and the horses†. This show that he has been deprived of a simple human necessity; storage. Even though Crooks is a more permanent worker, he has to resort to an apple box to put his possessions in. In addition, Crooks keeps the medicine for the horses with as well has keeping his own medicines in the same box. He sees himself s other people see him; equal to animals. By looking at Crook’s personal belongings, we can get a greater insight into what sort of person he is. In Of mice and men, the possessions in his room are said to â€Å"scattered about the floor† because â€Å"being a stable buck and a cripple, he was more permanent than other men, and he had accumulated more possessions than he could carry on his back†. From this, we get a keys fact : One ,Crooks is different from other people because unlike the migrant workers, whose job can only last for a season and are dependant on crops, Crook’s job is dependant on the horses, which are needed all year round. This makes him less likely to have to look for work elsewhere; the ranch is more dependant on him than the migrant workers. Two, because his belongings are strewn on the floor, you can begin to assume he does not have many visitors. The next paragraph tells us in detail of Crook’s possessions, among which are â€Å"a tattered dictionary and a â€Å"mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905†. The books indicate that he has been well educated, as many people in the 1930’s were illiterate. Both the dictionary and the civil code book are said to be severely worn, and this indicates he takes a great in interest in knowing his rights. He has read these books so carefully so as to be treated fairly and equally as possible, and even though the book is several years old, he has to make do with what he’s been given. Crooks is a proud man, and does not mix easily with the other ranch hands: â€Å"He kept his distance and demanded that other people kept theirs†. Memories from the past could be the reason behind this; Crooks used to be welcomed by his white friends when he was younger on his dad’s farm, but he soon became aware of racial prejudice when he became a teenager. He understands that he is not wanted on the ranch, and he also used to express the men’s the racial hatred when they â€Å"go after† him when they fight. We can tell that crooks is not well nourished :†his lean face lined with deep black wrinkles†, but if we read on we also know that he is in pain â€Å"pain-tightened lips†. The cause of his pain seems to be his back injuries. Steinbeck describes how he is rubbing his spine with liniment when Lennie goes to see him. â€Å"In one hand he held a bottle of liniment, with the other the rubbed his spine. Now and then he poured a few drops of the liniment into his pink-palmed hand and reached up under his shirt to rub again. He flexed his muscles against his back and shivered.† As readers, we empathise with Crooks because he is not treated equally with dignity, and we know from this that Steinbeck believes in equality and fairness. The other men are not cruel to him, but he is aware of their racism and resents it: â€Å"They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black.† A key moment in Steinbeck novel is when Lennie goes to see Crooks. It’s appropriate that when we see him in his own environment of the harness room he is defensive of his environment, telling Lennie that if he is not allowed in the white men’s area, then they are not allowed in his. But unlike the rest of the ranch workers, Lennie sees no reason why he should not visit Crooks’ room. Lennie’s childlike mind does not recognize the idea of racial segregation, so seeing Crooks’ light on, he decides to call in. We soon learn that the other men never visit Crooks. Although he grumbles at first about Lennie being there, he soon invites him to sit down and talk. For once, Crooks feels important and he talks freely to Lennie about his life on the ranch. We learn that Crooks was not â€Å"a southern negro†. When he says this to Lennie it is to show he has status, he was not a slave from the south; he was born and treated as a child equally â€Å"The white kids come to play at our place ,an’ sometimes I went to play with them, and some of the was pretty nice† We notice how Crooks begins to pour out his personal feelings to Lennie because he believes that Lennie doesn’t really understand him, and because, â€Å"A guy can talk to you and be sure you won’t go blabbin†. He justifies his speaking to Lennie by saying â€Å"This is just a nigger talking†¦So it mean nothing see?† It is just after this point that we come to understand just how lonely Crooks is, his need for socialisation and his deprivation. â€Å"I seen it over an over an over- a guy talking to another guy and it don’t make no difference if he don’t hear or understand. The thing is they’re talking or they’re settin or they’re settin and still not talking. It make no difference, no difference.† We can see what Crook’s main need is – companionship. Just to be able to talk to someone- even if they’re not listening is all he wants. Because of this deprivation its seems as though he tries to make the most of having an audience by cruelly teases Lennie, suggesting that George will never come back. â€Å"S’pose George don’t come back no more. S’pose he took a powder and just ain’t coming back. What’ll you do then?† Crooks is envious of Lennie and George’s relationship- they have everything that Lennie wants; a companionship. He repeats this question to Lennie several times, trying to see how strong George and Lennie’s bond is only to have Lennie reply: â€Å"He won’t do it† â€Å"George wouldn’t do nothing like that. I been with George a long time. He’ll come back tonight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Crooks, delighted by this reply continues to bombard Lennie with the same question. This however, is too much for Lennie compute; we know Crooks has gone too far , by asking this same question repeatedly Lennie can only think that something has happened to George. He relies on George so much- Lennie is only the animal part of their relationship; George is the mentally alert aspect. Lennie is shown to react in an animal-like manner: † Lennie’s eyes centered and grew quiet and mad†. It is at this point we know that Lennie’s strength is overtaking him, and this scene gives an idea of what is to come in the future. There are several similarities between Crooks and Lennie. They are both outsiders ;neither Crooks nor Lennie were invited to town that night. They both have great difficulty socialising with people, Lennie because he is not mentally able to, Crooks because of his colour. Another similarity is, no matter what, we know that both of them will never fulfil their dreams. Like all of the characters in the film, their dreams are unrealistic. Crooks is important in the play because like all the other characters he is isolated and lonely and he, at first, laughs at Lennie’s dream. This feeling of disbelief and scorn makes the reader feel that maybe George and Lennie’s dream is really only nonsense, as Crooks tells Lennie: â€Å"Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody never gets no land. It’s just in their head .† Crooks sums up the dream and reality of migrant workers- they dream of independence, to be owned by no-one and have no-one to answer to but themselves ; but no-one ever realises their dream. This is an important part of the novel, because Steinbeck has used this point to sum up the rest of the book; none of the characters will realise their dreams. Now it is Crooks turn to invite another person into is bunk; it is at this point that Candy enters in this chapter. It is difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure because now, he has found another person who is willing to talk to him, and possibly treat him equally. Although the author doesn’t explicitly tell us that he is enjoying talking to the two men, it is clear that he longs for a more sociable and humane existence. Candy too brings up the idea that Lennie was talking about earlier : â€Å"I got it figured out. We can make some money on those rabbits if we go about it right.† Crooks says again that their dream is impossible. Candy however, refuses to believe this and goes over in detail their dream. This is the turning point for Crooks, because Candy’s determination and the amount of belief he shows in this dream is enough for Crooks to begin to think that the dream could be possible, and even though he understands that Lennie’s dream is impossible, he becomes captivated by the dream. He too is swept away by the dream of living off the â€Å"fat of the land†. † If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand. I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to.† The three men are disturbed by the arrival of Curley’s wife. She too has been left behind. She seeks out company but the men sense trouble and are unfriendly towards her. When she turns on Crooks, making thinly veiled threats and calling him a â€Å"nigger†, it reminds him of his low status on the ranch. Her words bring him back down to earth and make him realize that the dream is useless: he will never be treated as an equal. The ending of Chapter Four contrasts bleakly with the earlier optimism and enthusiasm of the three men, before the arrival of Curley’s wife. Perhaps the author intends the reader at this point to share Crooks’ cynicism about the dream and realize that it will come to nothing. All of the characters have expectations that are sometimes called the ‘Great American Dream’. This refers to the idea that people saw America as a ‘land of opportunity’ where ambitious people could fulfil their dreams. Throughout the novel, Steinbeck seems to be giving us ‘clues’ to tell us that things will go wrong and George and Lennie will never get the life they desire. The reality for people like Crooks, Candy, Lennie and George is summed up in a single line of the poem To a mouse ;from which the title of this poignant novel is taken : â€Å"The best-laid schemes o mice an men, Gang aft agley† (English: â€Å"Often go awry†).